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__Jacques Cartier__
 * File:Jacques Cartier by Hamel. ||
 * File:Jacques Cartier by Hamel. ||
 * File:Jacques Cartier by Hamel. ||

__** Introduction: **__French navigator Jacques Cartier was born on December 31, 1491, in Saint-Malo, Brittany, France, and was sent by King Francis I to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia in 1534. His exploration of the St. Lawrence River allowed France to lay claim to lands that would become Canada. He died in Saint-Malo in 1557.

__F__ __ irst Major Voyage to North America __
The French explorer,Jacques Cartier, is known mainly for exploring the St.Lawrence River. French navigator Jacques Cartier was born on December 31, 1491, in Saint-Malo, Brittany, France, and was sent by King Francis I to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia in 1534. His exploration of the St. Lawrence River allowed France to lay claim to lands that would become Canada. He died in Saint-Malo in 1557.Other than America he explored Brazil before making his three major voyages to the Americas. Born in Saint-Malo, France on December 31, 1491, Jacques Cartier reportedly explored the Americas, particularly Brazil, before making three major North American voyages. In 1534, King Francis I of France sent Cartier (likely because of his previous expeditions) on a new trip to the eastern coast of North America, then called the "northern lands." On a voyage that would add him to the list of famous explorers, Cartier was to search for gold and other riches, spices, and a passage to Asia. Cartier sailed on April 20, 1534, with two ships and 61 men, and arrived 20 days later. He explored the west coast of Newfoundland, discovered Prince Edward Island and sailed through the Gulf of St. Lawrence, past Anticosti Island.

__Second Voyage__
Upon returning to France, King Francis was impressed with Cartier’s report of what he had seen, so he sent the explorer back the following year, in May, with three ships and 110 men. Two Indians Cartier had captured previously now served as guides, and he and his men navigated the St. Lawrence, as far as Quebec, and established a base. In September, Cartier sailed downriver to future Montreal and was welcomed by the Iroquois who controlled the area, hearing from them that there were other rivers that led farther west, where gold, silver, copper and spices could be found. Before they could continue, though, the harsh winter blew in, rapids made the river impossible to cross, and Cartier and his men managed to anger the Iroquois. He waited until spring, when the river was free of ice, and captured some of the Iroquois chiefs before again returning to France. Because of his quick escape, Cartier was only able to report to the king that untold riches lay farther west and that a great river, said to be about 2,000 miles long that might lead to Asia.

__Third Voyage__
In May of 1541, Cartier departed on his third voyage with five ships. He had by now abandoned the idea of finding a passage to the Orient, and was sent to establish a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence River on behalf of France. A group of colonists was a few months behind him this time. Cartier set up camp again near Quebec, and they found an abundance of what they thought were gold and diamonds. In the spring, not waiting for the colonists to arrive, Cartier abandoned the base and sailed for France. En route, he stopped at Newfoundland, where he encountered the colonists, whose leader ordered Cartier back to Quebec. Cartier, however, had other plans; instead of heading to Quebec, he sneaked away during the night and returned to France. There, his "gold" and "diamonds" were found to be worthless, and the colonists abandoned plans to found a settlement, returning to France after experiencing their first bitter winter. After these setbacks, France didn’t show any interest in these new lands for half a century, and Cartier’s career as a state-funded explorer came to an end. While credited with the exploration of the St. Lawrence region, Cartier's reputation has been tarnished by his dealings with the Iroquois and abandonment of the incoming colonists as he fled the New World.



[|Jacques Cartier - Exploration - HISTORY.com]
__ INVENTIONS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN __

Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the United States. He created many services, made many discoveries and also created many useful inventions. Three of his many useful inventions are: 1. The lighting rod 2. The Franklin Stove and 3. The Glass Armonica

=__**Lightning Rod**__= ==== Benjamin Franklin discovered that lightning was a form of electricity. He also noted that lightning has a preference for high objects and metals. This knowledge prompted him to invent something that would protect houses from lightning. He created the lightning rod. A lightning rod is a metal rod that is placed on the top of a house, ship, etc. Wires connect it to the ground. When lightning strikes, it gets attracted to the metal rod and travels harmlessly through the wires to the ground. This prevents houses from burning down and nearby people from getting electrocuted. ====

==== In colonial America, people warmed themselves with a fireplace. The Franklin stove (invented in 1742) is a metal-lined fireplace that is placed in the middle of the room. It's rear baffles improve the air flow, it provides more heat and less smoke than a regular fireplace and runs on less wood. The Franklin stove would radiate heat from the middle of the room in all directions. The iron walls would keep diffusing the heat keeping you warm even after the fire went out. It worked well for the poor people and saved the cost of wood. ====
 * __ The Franklin Stove __**

==== A popular entertainment in England, in the early 1800s, was playing music on upright wine goblets. Musical sounds were made by rubbing fingers on the lip of a goblet filled with different amounts of fluid. In 1761 Franklin created a mechanical version and called it the Armonica ( Italian for harmony). Franklin worked with a London glassblower named Charles James to build his Armonica. The Armonica had its world premiere in early 1762, played by Marianne Davies. It was also played at a royal Italian wedding and Beethoven and Mozart wrote music for it. ====
 * __ The Glass Armonica __**

==== Benjamin Franklin was a great part of U.S history. He created many practical inventions and services for common people. We would not be able to have many of the things that we have now because he created the ideas for many of the luxuries we have today. And the best part is, he never patented inventions, and left them for use of everyone. ====

==== Benjamin Franklin. Links Website: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin#Inventions_and_scientific_inquiries http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/info/inventions.html How Ben Franklin stole the lighting by Rosalyn Schanzer. ====